Industrial electrical process equipment

Accessories

TE Accessories

A module on its own is not a cooling system. These are the four supporting items every thermoelectric design needs, supplied alongside the modules.

Power supplyTemperature controllerThermistorThermal grease and graphite sheet

Product Overview

Four Items That Decide Whether The Module Performs

Most disappointing thermoelectric results are not caused by the module. They are caused by a supply that cannot hold current, a control scheme that switches on and off instead of modulating, no temperature feedback at all, or a thermal interface that adds more resistance than the module can overcome.

We list these four accessories alongside the modules because they are part of the same design decision. Specify them at the same time as the module and the result is predictable.

Tell us the module code you are using and the control behaviour you need, and we will confirm what suits it.

Thermoelectric assembly with heat sink, fan and wiring

Key Benefits

The Four Accessories

DC Power Supply

Sized on the module Vmax and Imax, with enough headroom that the current does not sag when the module warms up and its resistance changes.

Temperature Controller

Proportional control holds a set point and reduces thermal cycling stress. On and off control reaches a temperature but does not hold it well.

Thermistor

Without feedback there is no control loop. Placement matters as much as the sensor: measure the thing you care about, not the heat sink.

Who It Is For

Who Needs These

  • Anyone specifying a thermoelectric module for the first time
  • Designers whose module reaches a temperature but cannot hold it
  • Teams whose modules are failing early from thermal cycling
  • Engineers debugging a cooling result that is far below the datasheet
  • Production teams standardising the interface material across a product family

Problems It Solves

What They Solve

  • Cooling performance well below the catalogue figure because of interface resistance
  • Temperature that overshoots and undershoots because control is on and off
  • A supply that cannot deliver rated current continuously at temperature
  • Modules failing early from repeated hard switching
  • Inconsistent results between units because grease application is not controlled

Technical Features

What To Look For

Supply Headroom

Choose a supply that can deliver the module Imax continuously with margin, not one rated exactly at it.

Proportional Control

Linear or PWM control at a frequency the module tolerates, rather than a relay switching the full current.

Sensor Placement

Put the thermistor on the load or the cold plate, not on the heat sink, or the loop will control the wrong temperature.

Thermal Grease

A thin, even layer on a clean, flat surface. Excess grease is a thermal resistance, not insurance.

Graphite Sheet

A cleaner alternative to grease for production assembly, with repeatable thickness and no pump out.

Clamping

Interface material only works under even pressure. Stay within the 1 MPa maximum compressive load.

Specifications

Availability

Accessories are supplied to suit the module you order rather than as a fixed catalogue.

Power Supply

Specified from the module Vmax and Imax and your control method. Tell us the module code and the mains supply available.

Temperature Controller

Selected for the control accuracy you need and whether the module must heat as well as cool.

Thermistor

Chosen with the controller so the pair works as a loop. Tell us where the sensor can physically be mounted.

Thermal Grease And Graphite Sheet

Grease for prototype and service work, graphite sheet where production repeatability matters more.

Accessory specifications are confirmed at quotation against the module code and control scheme you are using.

Catalogue Notes

Data referenceAll catalogue values are measured at a hot side temperature Th = 30 °C
Flatness±0.05 mm
Height tolerance±0.2 mm
Maximum compressive load1 MPa
Lead wire150 mm as default, other lengths and terminations on request
SealingSilicone gel seal. Specify if you do not want the module sealed

Symbol Definitions

ImaxMaximum input current in amperes at Qc = 0 and ΔTmax
VmaxMaximum DC input voltage in volts at Qc = 0 and Imax
ΔTmaxMaximum temperature differential in °C at Qc = 0 and Imax
QcMaxMaximum heat pumping capacity in watts at Imax and ΔT = 0
ThTemperature of the hot side during operation
TcTemperature of the cold side during operation
Outline drawing of a thermoelectric module showing W1, L1, W2, L2 and H dimensions
Dimension letters used in the tables above. W₁ and L₁ are the cold side, W₂ and L₂ the hot side, H the assembled height.

Materials And Construction

Interface Materials Compared

Thermal greaseLowest cost, lowest resistance when applied thinly and evenly
Graphite sheetRepeatable thickness, clean handling, no pump out over thermal cycles
ApplicationBoth faces of the module, on clean and flat surfaces
ClampingEven pressure across the module, within the 1 MPa maximum compressive load
FlatnessModules are supplied flat to ±0.05 mm. Mating surfaces should match
SealingSilicone gel sealed modules still need condensate management on the cold side

Manufacturing Process

From Ingot To Finished Module

  • Confirm the module code and its Vmax and Imax
  • Choose the supply with continuous current headroom
  • Choose proportional rather than on and off control where the set point must be held
  • Place the thermistor on the controlled surface, not the heat sink
  • Select grease for prototyping or graphite sheet for production
  • Verify clamping force and flatness before final assembly

Quality Control

Every Module Is Tested Before It Leaves The Line

Quality control runs from raw material procurement through crystal growth, pellet selection and module assembly to the dispatch of the finished product. All products are 100 % tested and inspected using test equipment sourced from an American thermoelectric company.

Raw material intakeBi2Te3 and PbTe feedstock checked for purity before crystal growth
Crystal growthIngots grown in house, then sliced into wafers and pellets
Pellet selectionPellets graded on Seebeck coefficient and resistivity
Module assemblyNi and Sn electroplating, patented soldering, alumina or aluminium substrate
Electrical test100 % of modules tested on American thermoelectric test equipment
DispatchSealing, marking, packing and final visual inspection before shipment

ISO 9001

Quality management system certified

SGS

European Union certification held by the manufacturing company

RoHS

All thermoelectric modules are RoHS compliant

100 % tested

Every module is tested and inspected before dispatch

Customization Options

Specified With Your Module

Send the module code and we will confirm the accessories that suit it.

Supply Matching

Voltage and continuous current chosen from the module rating and duty cycle.

Control Scheme

Cooling only, or cooling and heating with polarity reversal.

Interface Choice

Grease or graphite sheet depending on assembly volume and service plan.

Comparison With Other Products

Grease Against Graphite Sheet

Thermal greaseGraphite sheet
Thermal resistanceVery low when applied thinlyLow and highly repeatable
RepeatabilityDepends on the operatorSet by the sheet thickness
HandlingMessy, needs cleaningClean, easy to place
ReworkRequires cleaning both facesSheet is replaced
Long termCan pump out under cyclingStable under cycling
Best forPrototypes and service workVolume production

Use Guide

A Simple Commissioning Sequence

  1. Assemble with a thin, even interface layer on both module faces and clamp evenly.
  2. Power the module at a low current first and confirm the cold side falls and the hot side rises.
  3. Check the hot side temperature under full load. If it climbs, the sink is undersized and no controller will fix it.
  4. Fit the thermistor on the surface you actually want to control and close the loop.
  5. Tune for a stable set point rather than the fastest pull down, which reduces cycling stress.
  6. Record the current draw at steady state and confirm the supply is not at its limit.
How a thermoelectric module moves heat Direct current passes through alternating P-type and N-type bismuth telluride pellets between two ceramic plates. Heat is absorbed at the cold plate and released at the hot plate. Cold side — heat absorbed (Tc) Hot side — heat rejected to sink (Th) PNPNPNPN DC current
Direct current drives heat from the cold plate to the hot plate. Reverse the polarity and the module heats instead of cools.

FAQ

Frequently Asked Questions About TE Accessories

Do I really need a controller?

If you only need to reach a temperature, a fixed supply can work. If you need to hold a temperature, you need feedback and proportional control. Most disappointing installations are missing the loop, not the cooling capacity.

Grease or graphite sheet?

Grease for prototypes and service work, graphite sheet for volume production where repeatability between units matters more than the last fraction of a degree.

Where should the thermistor go?

On the surface whose temperature you care about. A sensor on the heat sink tells you about the heat sink, not about your load.

Can the same setup heat as well as cool?

Yes, by reversing the module polarity. Say so when you specify the controller and the supply, because not every controller supports reversal.

Specify The Accessories With The Module

Send the module code, the temperature you need to hold and the supply you have. We will confirm the controller, sensor and interface material that suit it.

No forms. Messages reach our engineering desk directly. Reply within 24 hours, Monday to Friday, 9:00 to 17:00 Beijing time.